Ira Rensen's Investigation of Nitric Acid

A Tale of Chemical Discovery


Ira Rensen (ca. 1846-1927) founded the Department of Chemistry at John Hopkins University and initiated the first center for chemical research in this country. Rensen was reading a textbook on chemistry where the statement said "nitric acid acts upon copper". He was working in a doctor's office at the time and determined to see what "acts on" meant. He sacrificed a copper penny and poured some nitric acid on the penny on a table. "But what was this wonderful thing which I beheld? The cent was already changed, and it was no small change either. A greenish blue liquid foamed and fumed over the cent and over the table. The air in the neighborhood of the performance became dark red. A great colored cloud arose. This was disagreeable and suffocating--how should I stop this? I tried to get rid of the objectionable mess by picking it up and throwing it out of the window, which I had meanwhile opened. I learned another fact--nitric acid not only acts upon copper but it acts upon my fingers. The pain led to another unpremeditated experiment. I drew my fingers across my trousers and another fact was discovered. Nitric acid also acts upon trousers. Taking everything into consideration, that was the most impressive experiment, and, relatively, probably the most expensive experiment I ever performed. I tell of it even now with interest. It was a revelation to me. It resulted in a desire on my part to learn more about that remarkable kind of action. Plainly the only way to learn about it was to see its results, to experiment, to work in a laboratory."