Merlic Chromatography

CHROMATOGRAPHY

REFERENCE BOOKS ON CHROMATOGRAPHY:

J. Touchstone Advances in Thin-Layer Chromatography ; Wiley: New York, 1982.

J. Touchstone, M. Dobbins Practice of Thin-Layer Chromatography ; Wiley: New York, 1978.

J. Gasparic, J. Churacek Laboratory Handbook of Paper and Thin-Layer Chromatography; Wiley: New York, 1978.

A. Zlatkis, R. E. Kaiser High Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography ; Elsevier: Amsterdam, 1977.

Thin-Layer Chromatography; A Laboratory Handbook E. Stahl, Ed.; Springer-Verlag: New York, 1965.

TLC DYES

A. I2
1) Can use a few crystals in a jar, or
2) 0.5 g iodine in 100 mL chloroform, or
3) A few crystals with silica gel in a jar.

B. p-Anisaldehyde JACS, 1973, 95, 2307 All purpose stain.
186 mL absolute ethanol
6.9 mL conc. sulfuric acid
2.1 mL acetic acid
5.1 mL p-anisaldehyde

C. Chromic Acid For difficult to stain compounds.
2.5 g K2Cr2O7
100 mL 20 % sulfuric acid

D. Molybdic Acid
5 g phosphomolybdic acid
100 mL 95 % ethanol

E. Ammonium Molybdate
5 g ammonium molybdate
0.1 g ceric ammonium nitrate
100 mL 95 % ethanol

F. Cerium Molybdate "Blue Stain"

2 g ammonium cerium sulfate (NH4)4Ce(SO4)4
5 g ammonium heptamolybdate (NH4)6Mo7O24
12 mL concentrated sulfuric acid (98%)
188 mL water

G. Permanganate
2% potassium permanganate in
4% aqueous sodium bicarbonate

H. Rhodamine B
0.5 g Rhodamine B
100 mL 95 % ethanol

I. Ninhydrin Specific for amino acids
0.3 g ninhydrin
3 mL acetic acid
100 mL n-butanol

J. Dimethylaminobenzaldehyde Specific for amines. J. Chromat. 1972, 64, 129
0.8 g dimethylaminobenzaldehyde
10 mL concentrated sulfuric acid (98%)
90 mL 95 % ethanol

K. Dragendorff's Reagent Specific for amines and organic bases
Solution A: 1.7 g BiONO3 (bismuth subnitrate) in 100 mL Water : Acetic Acid (80 : 20)
Solution B: 40 g KI in 100 mL water
Use 5 mL solution A, 5 mL solution B, 20 mL Acetic Acid, and 70 mL water

FLASH CHROMATOGRAPHY

Still, W. C.; Kahn, M.; Mitra, A. J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 2923.

TLC and FLASH CHROMATOGRAPHY of QUATERNARY AMMONIUM SALTS

Bluhm, L. H.; Li, T. Tetrahedron Lett. 1998, 39, 3623.