BENJAMIN J. SCHWARTZ

PATENTS

M. A. Díaz-García, B. J. Schwartz, F. Hide and A. J. Heeger, "Conjugated Polymers as Materials for Solid-State Lasers," U. S. Patent #5,881,083, awarded March 9, 1999.

H. Miyata, S. H. Tolbert, W. Molenkamp, B. J. Schwartz and I. B. Martini, continuation-in-part for "Polarized Light-Emitting Films and Method for Producing the Same," pending.

R. Kennedy, A. L. Ayzner, C. J. Tassone, D. D. Wanger, M. Halim, C. T. Day, S. H. Tolbert, B. J. Schwartz and Y. Rubin, "Photovoltaic Devices Including Self-Assembling Fullerene Derivatives for Improved Efficiencies," pending.  
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MANUSCRIPTS IN PREPARATION, SUBMITTED OR IN PRESS

A. E. Bragg, W. J. Glover and B. J. Schwartz, "Watching the Solvation of Atoms in Liquids One Solvent Molecule at a Time," manuscript in preparation.

W. J. Glover, R. E. Larsen and B. J. Schwartz, "First Principles Multi-electron Mixed Quantum/Classical Simulations in the Condensed Phase.  I. An Efficient Fourier-grid Method for Solving the Many-Electron Problem," manuscript in preparation.

W. J. Glover, R. E. Larsen and B. J. Schwartz, "First Principles Multi-electron Mixed Quantum/Classical Simulations in the Condense Phase.  II.  The Charge-Transfer-to-Solvent States of Sodium Anions in Liquid Tetrahydrofuran," manuscript in preparation.  

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REFEREED PUBLICATIONS

  1. W. J. Glover, R. E. Larsen and B. J. Schwartz, "How does a Solvent Affect Chemical Bonds?  Mixed Quantum/Classical Simulations with a Full CI Treatment of the Bonding Electrons," J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 1, 165-9 (2010).

  2. A. L. Ayzner, C. J. Tassone, S. H. Tolbert and B. J. Schwartz, "Reappraising the Need for Bulk Heterojunctions in Polymer-Fullerene Photovoltaics:  The Role of Carrier Transport in All-Solution-Processed P3HT:PCBM Bilayer Solar Cells,"  J. Phys. Chem. C 113, 20050-60 (2009).  

  3. B. Tremolet de Villers, C. J. Tassone, S. H. Tolbert and B. J. Schwartz, "Improving the Reproducibility of P3HT:PCBM Solar Cells by Controlling the PCBM:Cathode Interface," J. Phys. Chem. C 113, 18978-82 (2009).  

  4. M. C. Cavanagh and B. J. Schwartz, "Searching for Solvent Cavities via Electron Photodetachment:  The Ultrafast Charge-Transfer-to-Solvent (CTTS) Dynamics of Sodide in a Series of Ether Solvents,"  J. Chem. Phys. 131, 154506, 1-12 (2009).

  5. R. E. Larsen, W. J. Glover and B. J. Schwartz, "Comment on 'An electron-water pseudopotential for condensed-phase simulation' [J. Chem. Phys. 86, 3472 (1987)],"  J. Chem. Phys. 131, 037101, 1-2 (2009).  See also Schnitker and Rossky's Reply.  

  6. I. M. Craig, H. Duong, F. Wudl and B. J. Schwartz, "A New Route to Dual Fluorescence:  Spectroscopic Properties of the Valence Tautomers of a 3-(2H)-Isoquinolinone Derivative," Chem. Phys. Lett. 477, 319-24 (2009).   

  7. R. Kennedy, A. L. Ayzner, D. D. Wanger, C. T Day, M. Halim, S. I. Khan, S. H. Tolbert, B. J. Schwartz and Y. Rubin, "Self-Assembling Fullerenes for Improved Bulk-Heterojunction Photovoltaic Devices," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130(51), 17290-2 (2008).  

  8. A. L. Ayzner, D. D. Wanger, C. J. Tassone, S. H. Tolbert and B. J. Schwartz, "Room to Improve Conjugated Polymer-Based Solar Cells:  Understanding How Thermal Annealing Affects the Fullerene Component of a Bulk Heterojunction Photovoltaic Device," J. Phys. Chem. C 112, 18711-6 (2008).

  9. W. J. Glover, R. E. Larsen and B. J. Schwartz, "The roles of electronic exchange and correlation in charge-transfer-to-solvent dynamics: Many-electron non-adiabatic mixed quantum/classical simulations of photoexcited sodium anions in the condensed phase," J. Chem. Phys. 129, 164505, 1-20 (2008).         

  10. A. E. Bragg, M. C. Cavanagh and B. J. Schwartz, "Linear Response Breakdown in Solvation Dynamics Induced by Atomic Electron Transfer Reactions," Science 321, 1817-22 (2008).  See also the perspective on our work by Rich Stratt in the same issue of Science on p. 1789. 

  11. M. C. Cavanagh, R. M. Young and B. J. Schwartz, "The Roles of the Solute and Solvent Cavities in Charge-Transfer-to-Solvent (CTTS) Dynamics:  Ultrafast Studies of Potasside and Sodide in Diethyl Ether," J. Chem. Phys. 129, 134503, 1-10 (2008).

  12. B. J. Schwartz, "Conjugated Polymers:  What Makes a Chromophore?" Nature Materials 7, 427-8 (2008) (invited News & Views article).

  13. A. E. Bragg and B. J. Schwartz, "The Ultrafast Charge-Transfer-to-Solvent Dynamics of Iodide in Tetrahydrofuran.  2.  Photoinduced Electron Transfer to Counterions in Solution," J. Phys. Chem. A 112, 3530-43 (2008). 

  14. A. E. Bragg and B. J. Schwartz, "The Ultrafast Charge-Transfer-to-Solvent Dynamics of Iodide in Tetrahydrofuran.  1.  Exploring the Roles of Solvent and Solute Electronic Structure in Condensed-Phase Charge Transfer Reactions," J. Phys. Chem. B 112, 483-94 (2008).

  15. I. B. Martini, I. M. Craig, W. C. Molenkamp, H. Miyata, S. H. Tolbert and B. J. Schwartz, "Controlling Optical Gain in Semiconductor Polymers with Nanoscale Chain Positioning and Alignment," Nature Nanotechnology 2, 647-52 (2007). 

  16. M. C. Cavanagh, R. E. Larsen and B. J. Schwartz, "Watching Na atoms Solvate into Na+:e¯ Contact Pairs:  Untangling the Ultrafast Charge-Transfer-to-Solvent Dynamics of Na¯ in Tetrahydrofuran (THF)," J. Phys. Chem. A 111, 5144-57 (2007). 

  17. I. A. Shkrob, W. J. Glover, R. E. Larsen and B. J. Schwartz, "The Stucture of the Hydrated Electron.  Part 2.  A Mixed Quantum/Classical Molecular Dynamics Embedded Cluster Density Functional Theory:Single-Excitation Configuration Interaction Study,"  J. Phys. Chem. A 111, 5232-5243 (2007). 

  18. B. Tremolet de Villers and B. J. Schwartz, "Destruction of Amplified Spontaneous Emission via Chemical Doping at Low Work-Function Metal/Conjugated Polymer Interfaces," Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 091106, 1-3 (2007).

  19. A. D. Smith, C. K.-F. Shen, S. R. Roberts, R. Helgeson and B. J. Schwartz, "Ionic Strength and Solvent Control over the Physical Structure, Electronic Properties and Superquenching of Conjugated Polyelectrolytes," Res. Chem. Intermed. 33(1-2), 125-42 (2007).

  20. M. J. Bedard-Hearn, R. E. Larsen and B. J. Schwartz, "Moving Solvated Electrons with Light:  Nonadiabatic Mixed Quantum/Classical Molecular Dynamics Simluations of the Relocalization of Photoexcited Solvated Electrons in Tetrahydrofuran (THF)," J. Chem. Phys. 125(19), 194509, 1-8 (2006).

  21. R. E. Larsen, M. J. Bedard-Hearn and B. J. Schwartz, "Exploring the Role of Decoherence in Condensed-Phase Nonadiabatic Dynamics:  A Comparison of Different Mixed Quantum/Classical Simulation Algorithms for the Excited Hydrated Electron," J. Phys Chem. B 110(40), 20055-66 (2006). 

  22. M. J. Bedard-Hearn, R. E. Larsen and B. J. Schwartz, "Projections of Quantum Observables onto Classical Degrees of Freedom in Mixed Quantum/Classical Simulations:  Understanding Linear Response Failure for the Hydrated Electron," Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 130403, 1-4 (2006). 

  23. C. J. Smallwood, Ross E. Larsen, William J. Glover and B. J. Schwartz, "A Computationally-Efficient Exact Pseudopotential Method.  I.  Analytic Reformulation of the Phillips-Kleinman Theory," J. Chem. Phys. 125, 074102, 1-8 (2006).

  24. C. J. Smallwood, C. N. Mejia, William J. Glover, R. E. Larsen and B. J. Schwartz, "A Computationally-Efficient Exact Pseudopotential Method.  II.  Application to the Molecular Pseudopotential of an Excess Electron Interacting with Tetrahydrofuran (THF)," J. Chem. Phys. 125, 074103, 1-9 (2006).

  25. R. E. Larsen and B. J. Schwartz, "Nonadiabatic Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Correlated Electrons in Solution.  I.  Full Configuration Interaction (CI) Excited-state Relaxation Dynamics of Hydrated Dielectrons," J. Phys. Chem. B 110, 9681-91 (2006).

  26. R. E. Larsen and B. J. Schwartz, "Nonadiabatic Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Correlated Electrons in Solution.  II.  A Prediction for the Observation of Hydrated Dielectrons with Pump-Probe Spectroscopy," J. Phys. Chem. B 110, 9692-7 (2006). 

  27. R. E. Larsen and B. J. Schwartz, "Full Configuration Interaction Computer Simluation Study of the Thermodynamic and Kinetic Stability of Hydrated Dielectrons,"   J. Phys. Chem. B 110, 1006-14 (2006). 

  28. M. J. Bedard-Hearn, R. E. Larsen and B. J. Schwartz, "Mean-Field Dynamics with Stochastic Decoherence (MF-SD):  A New Algorithm for Nonadiabatic Mixed Quantum/Classical Molecular Dynamics Simulations with Nuclear-Induced Decoherence," J. Chem. Phys. 123, 234106, 1-17 (2005).

  29. M. J. Bedard-Hearn, R. E. Larsen and B. J. Schwartz, "The Role of Solvent Structure in the Absorption Spectrum of Solvated Electrons:  Mixed Quantum/Classical Simulations in Tetrahydrofuran (THF),"  J.  Chem. Phys. 122, 134506, 1-11 (2005).  

  30. T. Mitsumori, I. M. Craig, I. B. Martini, B. J. Schwartz and F. Wudl, "Synthesis and Color Tuning Properties of Blue Highly Fluorescent Vinyl Polymers Containing a Pendant Pyrrolopyridazine," Macromol. 38, 4698-704 (2005). 

  31. I. B. Martini, E. R. Barthel and B. J. Schwartz, "Building a Molecular-Level Picture of the Ultrafast Dynamics of the Charge-Transfer-to-Solvent Reaction of Sodide (Na¯)," Pure Appl. Chem. 76, 1809-25 (2004).

  32.  I. B. Martini and B. J. Schwartz, "Exciton-exciton Annihilation and the Production of Interchain Species in Conjugated Polymer Films," Polym. Preprints 45, 201-2 (2004).

  33. M. C. Cavanagh, I. B. Martini and B. J. Schwartz, "Revisiting the Pump-Probe Polarized Hole-Burning of the Hydrated Electron:  Is its Absorption Spectrum Inhomogeneously Broadened?," Chem. Phys. Lett.  396(4-6), 359-66 (2004). 

  34. R. E. Larsen and B. J. Schwartz, "Mixed Quantum/Classical Molecular Dynamics Simulations of the Hydrated Dielectron:  The Role of Exchange in Condensed-Phase Structure, Dynamics and Spectroscopy," J. Phys. Chem. B 108(31), 11760-73 (2004).

  35. I. B. Martini and B. J. Schwartz, "Elucidating the Initial Dynamics of Electron Photodetachment from Atoms in Liquids Using Variably Time-Delayed Resonant Multiphoton Ionization," J. Chem. Phys.  121(1), 374-9 (2004).

  36. I. B. Martini, A. D. Smith and B. J. Schwartz, "Evidence for the Direct Production of Interchain Species in Conjugated Polymer Films:  The Ultrafast Stimulated Emission and Fluorescence Dynamics of MEH-PPV," Phys. Rev. B, 69(3) 035204, 1-12 (2004).

  37. X. Yin, N. Fang, X. Zhang, I. B. Martini and B. J. Schwartz, "Near-Field Multiphoton Nanolithography Using an Apertureless Near-Field Probe," Proc. SPIE 5211, 96-103 (2003).

  38. C. F.-K. Shen, G. Sommez, A. D. Smith, B. J. Schwartz, Y. Rubin and F. Wudl, "Photocurrent Generated with a Homoconjugated Bisfulleroid Polymer," Polym. Preprints 44, 348-9 (2003).

  39. M. J. Bedard-Hearn, R. E. Larsen and B. J. Schwartz, "Understanding Nonequilibrium Solvent Motions Through Molecular Projections:  Computer Simulations of Solvation Dynamics in Liquid Tetrahydrofuran (THF)," J. Phys. Chem. B 107(51), 14464-75 (2003). 

  40. C. J. Smallwood, W. B. Bosma, R. E. Larsen and B. J. Schwartz, "The Role of Symmetry in Charge-Transfer-to-Solvent Reactions:  Quantum Non-Adiabatic Computer Simulation of Photoexcited Sodium Anions," J. Chem. Phys. 119(21), 11263-77 (2003). 

  41. R. E. Larsen and B. J. Schwartz, "An Efficient Real-Space Configuration-Interaction Method for Simulation of Multi-Electron Mixed Quantum/Classical Non-Adiabatic Dynamics in the Condensed Phase," J. Chem. Phys. 119(15), 7672-84 (2003). 

  42. P. G. Conrad II, P. T. Nishimura, D. Aherne, B. J. Schwartz, D. Wu, N. Fang, X. Zhang, J. Roberts, and K. J. Shea, “Functional Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Microstructures Fabricated Using Microstereolithographic Techniques,” Adv. Mat. 15(18), 1541-4 (2003). 

  43. E. R. Barthel and B. J. Schwartz, "Mapping the Conduction Band Under CTTS Transitions:  The Photodetachment Quantum Yield of Sodide (Na¯) in Tetrahydrofuran," Chem. Phys. Lett. 375(3-4), 435-43 (2003).

  44. M. J. Bedard-Hearn, R. E. Larsen and B. J. Schwartz, "Hidden Breakdown of Linear Response:  Projections of Molecular Motions in Non-Equilbrium Simulations of Solvation Dynamics," J. Phys. Chem. A. 107(24), 4773-7 (2003).

  45. E. R. Barthel, I. B. Martini, E. Keszei and B. J. Schwartz, "Solvent Effects on the Ultrafast Dynamics and Spectroscopy of the Charge-Transfer-to-Solvent (CTTS) Reaction of Sodide," J. Chem. Phys. 118, 5916-31 (2003).

  46. B. J. Schwartz, "Conjugated Polymers as Molecular Materials:  How Chain Conformation and Film Morhpology Influence Energy Transfer and Interchain Interactions," Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 54, 141-72 (2003).

  47. I. B. Martini, E. R. Barthel and B. J. Schwartz, "Control of an Electron Transfer Reaction Using a Sequence of Femtosecond Laser Pulses," in Ultrafast Phenomena XIII, M. Murnane, N. Scherer, R. J. D. Miller and A. M. Weiner (Eds.), Springer-Verlag (Berlin), 487-9 (2003).

  48. E. R. Barthel, I. B. Martini, E. Keszei and B. J. Schwartz, "Solvent Control of Electron Transfer Dynamics," in Ultrafast Phenomena XIII, M. Murnane, N. Scherer, R. J. D. Miller and A. M. Weiner (Eds.), Springer-Verlag (Berlin), 459-61 (2003).

  49. X. Yin, N. Fang, X. Zhang, I. B. Martini and B. J. Schwartz, "Near-Field Two-Photon Nanolithography Using an Apertureless Optical Probe,"Appl. Phys. Lett. 81(19), 3663-5 (2002).

  50. R. D. Schaller, P. T. Snee, J. C. Johnson, L. F. Lee, K. R. Wilson, L. H. Haber, R. J. Saykally, T.-Q. Nguyen and B. J. Schwartz, "Nanoscopic interchain aggregate domain formation in conjugated polymer films studied by third harmonic generation (THG) near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM)," J. Chem. Phys. 117(14), 6688-98 (2002).

  51. R. D. Schaller, L. F. Lee, J. C. Johnson, L. H. Haber, R. J. Saykally, J. Vieceli, I. Benjamin, T.-Q. Nguyen and B. J. Schwartz, "The Nature of Interchain Excitations in Conjugated Polymers:  Near-Field Optical Studies of Spatially-Varying Solvatochromism in Annealed MEH-PPV Films," J. Phys. Chem. B 106(37), 9496-506 (2002).

  52. I. B. Martini and B. J. Schwartz, "On the Insensitivity of the Non-Adiabatic Relaxation of Solvated Electrons to the Details of their Local Solvent Environment," Chem. Phys. Lett. 360(1-2), 22-30 (2002).

  53. I. B. Martini, E. R. Barthel and B. J. Schwartz, "Manipulating the Production and Recombination of Electrons During Electron Transfer:  Femtosecond Control of the Charge-Transfer-to-Solvent (CTTS) Dynamics of the Sodium Anion," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124(25), 7622-34 (2002).

  54. T.-Q. Nguyen and B. J. Schwartz, "Ionomeric Control of Interchain Interactions, Morphology and the Electronic Properties of Conjugated Polymer Solutions and Films," J. Chem. Phys. 116(18), 8198-208 (2002).

  55. E. R. Barthel, I. B. Martini and B. J. Schwartz, "How Does the Solvent Control Electron Transfer?  Experimental and Theoretical Studies of the Simplest Charge Transfer Reaction," FEATURE ARTICLE, J. Phys. Chem. B 105(49) 11230-41 (2001).

  56. T.-Q. Nguyen, R. Y. Yee and B. J. Schwartz, "Solution Processing of Conjugated Polymers: The Effects of Polymer Solubility on the Morphology and Electronic Properties of Semiconducting Polymer Films,"J. Photochem. Photobio. A 144, 21-30 (2001).

  57. I. B. Martini, E. R. Barthel and B. J. Schwartz, "Optical Control of Electrons During Electron Transfer," Science 293, 462-5 (2001).

  58. T.-Q. Nguyen, B. J. Schwartz, R. D. Schaller, J. C. Johnson, L. F. Lee, L. H. Haber and R. J. Saykally, "Near-Field Scanning Optical Microscopy (NSOM) Studies of the Relationship Between Interchain Interactions, Morphology and Energy Transport in Conjugated Polymer Films,"  J. Phys. Chem. B 105(22), 5153-60 (2001).

  59. T.-Q. Nguyen, J. Wu, S. H. Tolbert and B. J. Schwartz, "Control of Energy Transport in Conjugated Polymers Using an Ordered Mesoporous Silica Matrix," Adv. Mat. 13, 609-11 (2001) (invited Research News article).

  60.  S. H. Tolbert, J. Wu, A. F. Gross, T.-Q. Nguyen and B. J. Schwartz, "Directional Energy Migration in an Oriented Nanometer-Scale Host/Guest Composite: Semiconducting Polymers Threaded into Mesoporous Silica," Micropor. Mesopor. Mat. 44-45, 445-51 (2001).

  61.  T.-Q. Nguyen, R. C. Kwong, M. E. Thompson and B. J. Schwartz, "Higher Efficiency Conjugated Polymer-Based LEDs by Control of Polymer Morphology and Interchain Interactions," Synth. Met. 119, 523-4 (2001).

  62. B. J. Schwartz, T.-Q. Nguyen, J. Wu and S. H. Tolbert, "Interchain and Intrachain Exciton Transport in Conjugated Polymers: Ultrafast Studies of Energy Migration in Aligned MEH-PPV/Mesoporous Silica Composites," Synth. Met. 116(1-3), 35-40 (2001).

  63. I. B. Martini, E. R. Barthel and B. J. Schwartz, "Mechanisms of the Ultrafast Production and Recombination of Solvated Electrons in Weakly-Polar Fluids: Comparison of Multiphoton Ionization and Detachment via the Charge-Transfer-to-Solvent Transition of Na¯ in THF," J. Chem. Phys. 113(24), 11245-57 (2000).

  64. T.-Q. Nguyen, J. Wu, V. Doan, B. J. Schwartz and S. H. Tolbert, "Control of Energy Transfer in Oriented Conjugated Polymer/Mesoporous Silica Composites," Science 288(5466), 652-6 (2000).

  65. P.-W. Wu, W. Cheng, I. B. Martini, B. Dunn, B. J. Schwartz and E. Yablonovitch, "Two-Photon Photographic Production of Three-Dimensional Metallic Structures within a Dielectric Matrix," Adv. Mat. 12(19), 1438-41 (2000).

  66. E. R. Barthel, I. B. Martini and B. J. Schwartz, "Femtosecond Studies of the Charge-Transfer-to-Solvent Transition of the Sodium Anion in THF," in Ultrafast Phenomena XII, Springer Series in Chemical Physics 66, T. Elsasser, S. Mukamel, M. Murnane and N. Scherer (Eds.), Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 479-81 (2000).

  67. P.-W. Wu, B. Dunn, V. Doan, B. J. Schwartz, E. Yablonovitch and M. Yamane, "Controlling the Spontaneous Precipitation of Silver Nanoparticles in Sol-Gel Matrices," J. Sol-Gel Sci. Tech. 19(1-3), 249-52 (2000).

  68. I. B. Martini, B. Ma, T. Da Ros, R. Helgeson, F. Wudl and B. J. Schwartz, "Ultrafast Competition Between Energy and Charge Transfer in a Functionalized Electron Donor/Fullerene Derivative," Chem. Phys. Lett. 327(5-6), 253-62 (2000).

  69. D. Aherne, V. Tran and B. J. Schwartz, "Non-Linear, Non-Polar Solvation Dynamics in Water: The Roles of Electrostriction and Solvent Translation in the Breakdown of Linear Response," J. Phys. Chem. B 104(22), 5382-94 (2000).

  70. E. R. Barthel, I. Martini and B. J. Schwartz, "Direct Observation of Charge-Transfer-to-Solvent (CTTS) Transitions: Ultrafast Dynamics of the Photoexcited Alkali Metal Anion Sodide (Na¯)," J. Chem. Phys. 112(21), 9433-44 (2000).

  71. T.-Q. Nguyen, R. C. Kwong, M. E. Thompson and B. J. Schwartz, "Improving the Performance of Conjugated Polymer--Based Devices by Control of Interchain Interactions and Polymer Morphology," Appl. Phys. Lett. 76(17), 2454-6 (2000).

  72. T.-Q. Nguyen, I. Martini, J. Liu and B. J. Schwartz, "Controlling Interchain Interactions in Conjugated Polymers: The Effects of Chain Morphology on Exciton-Exciton Annihilation and Aggregation in MEH-PPV Films," J. Phys. Chem. B 104(2), 237-55 (2000).

  73. V. Tran and B. J. Schwartz, "The Role of Non-Polar Forces in Aqueous Solvation: Computer Simulation Study of Solvation Dynamics in Water Following Changes in Solute Size, Shape and Charge," J. Phys. Chem. B 103(26), 5570-80 (1999).

  74. Á. Sastre, A. Gouloumis, P. Vázquez, T. Torres, V. Doan, B. J. Schwartz, F. Wudl, L. Echegoyen, and J. Rivera, "Phthalocyanine-Azacrown-Fullerene Multicomponent System: Synthesis, Photoinduced Processes and Electrochemistry,"Org. Lett. 1(11), 1807-10 (1999).

  75. P.-W. Wu, B. Dunn, E. Yablonovitch, V. Doan, and B. J. Schwartz, "Two-Photon Exposure of Photographic Film," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B—Opt. Phys. 16(4), 605-8 (1999).

  76. T.-Q. Nguyen, V. Doan and B. J. Schwartz, "Conjugated Polymer Aggregates in Solution: Control of Interchain Interactions,"J. Chem. Phys. 110(8), 4068-78 (1999).

  77. G. Witzgall, R. Vrijen, E. Yablonovitch, V. Doan and B. J. Schwartz, "Single-Shot, Two-Photon Exposure of Commercial Photoresist for the Production of Three-Dimensional Structures," Opt. Lett. 23(22), 1745-7 (1998).

  78. V. Doan, V. Tran and B. J. Schwartz, "Intensity-Dependent Stimulated Emission in Conjugated Polymers: The Mechanism for Line Narrowing," Chem. Phys. Lett. 288, 576-84 (1998).

  79. F. Hide, M. A. Díaz-García, B. J. Schwartz and A. J. Heeger, "New Developments in the Photonic Applications of Conjugated Polymers," Accts. Chem. Res. 30(10), 430-6 (1997).

  80. F. Hide, B. J. Schwartz, M. A. Díaz-García and A. J. Heeger, "Conjugated Polymers as Solid-State Laser Materials," Synth. Met. 91, 35-40 (1997).

  81. M. A. Díaz-García, F. Hide, B. J. Schwartz, M. D. Mcgehee, M. R. Andersson and A. J. Heeger, "Plastic Lasers: Comparison of Gain Narrowing with a Soluble Semiconducting Polymer in Waveguides and Microcavities," Appl. Phys. Lett. 70(24), 3191-3 (1997).

  82. A. J. Heeger, F. Hide, M. A. Díaz-García and B. J. Schwartz, "Conjugated Polymers as Thin Film Solid-State Laser Materials: Photopumped Gain-Narrowing in Waveguides and Lasing in Microcavities," Naval Research Reviews 2, 12-20 (1997).

  83. B. J. Schwartz, F. Hide, M. R. Andersson and A. J. Heeger, "Ultrafast Studies of Stimulated Emission and Gain in Solid Films of Conjugated Polymers," Chem. Phys. Lett. 265(3-5), 327-33 (1997).

  84. B. J. Schwartz, F. Hide, M. A. Díaz-García, M. R. Andersson and A. J. Heeger, "Stimulated Emission and Lasing in Solid Films of Conjugated Polymers: Ultrafast Photophysics and Photon Confinement via Scattering," Phil. Trans. Soc. London Ser. A 355(1725), pp. 775-87 (1997).

  85. F. Hide, M. A. Díaz-García, M. D. McGehee, B. J. Schwartz, P. Kozodoy, S. P. DenBaars and A. J. Heeger, "Light Emission from Semiconducting Polymers: LEDs, Lasers and White Light for the Future," Proc. SPIE 3148, 22-33 (1997).

  86. F. Hide, Benjamin J. Schwartz, M. A. Díaz-García and A. J. Heeger, "Highly Photoluminescent Conjugated Polymers: Stimulated Emission and Device Applications," Proc. SPIE 3145, 36-47 (1997).

  87. M. A. Díaz-García, F. Hide, B. J. Schwartz, M. R. Andersson, Q. Pei and A. J. Heeger, "Plastic Lasers: Semiconducting Polymers as a New Class of Solid-State Laser Materials," Synth. Met. 84(1-3), 455-62 (1997).

  88. B. J. Schwartz, F. Hide, M. R. Andersson and A. J. Heeger, "Observation of Stimulated Emission and Ultrafast Transient Absorption Dynamics from a Novel Alkyl-Substituted PPV," Synth. Met. 84(1-3), 663-4 (1997).

  89. E. R. Bittner, B. J. Schwartz and P. J. Rossky, "Quantum Decoherence: A Consistent Histories Treatment of Condensed Phase Non-Adiabatic Quantum Molecular Dynamics," J. Mol. Struct. Theochem 389(3), 203-16 (1997).

  90. B. J. Schwartz, M. A. Díaz-García, F. Hide, M. R. Andersson, Q. Pei and A. J. Heeger, "Semiconducting Polymers as a New Class of Solid-State Laser Materials," Polym. Preprints 38(1), 325 (1997).

  91. B. J. Schwartz, F. Hide, M. A. Díaz-García and A. J. Heeger, "Laser Emission from Solutions and Films Containing a Semiconducting Polymer and TiO2 Nanocrystals," Polym. Mater. Sci. Eng. 75, 451 (1996).

  92. B. J. Schwartz and P. J. Rossky, "The Isotope Effect in Solvation Dynamics and Nonadiabatic Relaxation: A Quantum Simulation Study of the Photoexcited Solvated Electron in D2O,"J. Chem. Phys. 105(16), 6997 (1996).

  93. F. Hide, M. A. Díaz-García, B. J. Schwartz, M. Andersson, Q. Pei and A. J. Heeger, "Semiconducting Polymers: A New Class of Solid-State Laser Materials," Science 273(5283), 1833 (1996).

  94. F. Hide, B. J. Schwartz, M. A. Díaz-García and A. J. Heeger, "Laser Emission from Solutions and Films Containing Semiconducting Polymer and Titanium Dioxide Nanocrystals," Chem. Phys. Lett. 256(4-5), 424 (1996).

  95. B. J. Schwartz, E. R. Bittner, O. V. Prezhdo and P. J. Rossky, "Quantum Decoherence and the Isotope Effect in Condensed Phase Non-Adiabatic Molecular Dynamics Simulations," J. Chem. Phys. 104(15), 5942 (1996).

  96. B. J. Schwartz, F. Hide, M. R. Andersson and A. J. Heeger, "Ultrafast Photophysics and Stimulated Emission from Novel Conjugated Polymers and Blends," in Ultrafast Phenomena X, Springer Series in Chemical Physics 62, P. F. Barbara, J. G. Fujimoto, W. H. Knox and W. Zinth (Eds.), Springer-Verlag, Berlin, p. 268 (1996).

  97. B. J. Schwartz and P. J. Rossky, "The Interplay of Dielectric and Mechanical Relaxation in Solvation Dynamics,"J. Mol. Liq. 65-6, 23 (1995).

  98. B. J. Schwartz and P. J. Rossky, "An Exploration of the Relationship between Solvation Dynamics and Spectrally Determined Solvent Response Functions by Computer Simulation,"J. Phys. Chem. 99(10), p. 2953 (1995).

  99. R. L. Rucker, B. J. Schwartz, M. A. El-Bayoumi and C. B. Harris, "Ultrafast Dynamics of Sterically Hindered Tetraphenylmethylbutadiene in Liquids,"Chem. Phys. Lett. 235(5-6), p. 471 (1995).

  100. J. L. McGowen, H. M. Ajo, J. Z. Zhang and B. J. Schwartz, "Femtosecond Studies of Hydrated Electron Recombination Following Multiphoton Ionization at 390 nm," Chem. Phys. Lett. 231(4-6), p. 504 (1994).

  101. S. J. Rosenthal, B. J. Schwartz and P. J. Rossky, "Calculated Photon Echo Signals for the Aqueous Solvated Electron: The Origin of Ultrafast Electronic Dephasing," Chem. Phys. Lett. 229(4-5), p. 443 (1994).

  102. B. J. Schwartz and P. J. Rossky, "Aqueous Solvation Dynamics with a Quantum Mechanical Solute: Computer Simulation Studies of the Photoexcited Hydrated Electron," J. Chem. Phys.101(8), p. 6902 (1994).

  103. B. J. Schwartz and P. J. Rossky, "Pump-Probe Spectroscopy of the Hydrated Electron: A Quantum Molecular Dynamics Simulation," J. Chem. Phys. 101(8), p. 6917 (1994).

  104. B. J. Schwartz and P. J. Rossky, "Hydrated Electrons as Probe of Local Anisotropy: Simulations of Ultrafast Polarization-Dependent Spectral Hole-Burning," Phys. Rev. Lett. 72(20), p. 3282 (1994).

  105. B. J. Schwartz and P. J. Rossky, "Dynamical Elements of Transient Spectral Hole-Burning of the Hydrated Electron," J. Phys. Chem. 98(17), p. 4489 (1994).

  106. B. J. Schwartz, J. C. King and C. B. Harris, "The Molecular Basis of Solvent Caging," in Ultrafast Dynamics of Chemical Systems, J. D. Simon (ed.), Kluwer, The Netherlands, p. 235 (1994).

  107. S. E. Wallace-Williams, B. J. Schwartz, S. Møller, R. A. Goldbeck, W. A. Yee, M. A. El-Bayoumi and D. S. Kliger, "Excited State Spectra and Dynamics of Phenyl-Substituted Butadienes," J. Phys. Chem. 98(1), p. 60 (1994).

  108. P. J. Rossky, B. J. Schwartz and W.-S. Sheu, "Electronic Relaxation Dynamics in Solution," in Ultrafast Phenomena IX, Springer Series in Chemical Physics 60, P. F. Barbara, W. H. Knox, G. A. Mourou and A. H. Zewail (Eds.), Springer-Verlag, Berlin, p. 53 (1994).

  109. B. J. Schwartz and P. J. Rossky, "Polarized Ultrafast Transient Spectroscopy of the Hydrated Electron: Quantum Non-Adiabatic Molecular Dynamics Simulation," in Ultrafast Phenomena IX, Springer Series in Chemical Physics 60, P. F. Barbara, W. H. Knox, G. A. Mourou and A. H. Zewail (Eds.), Springer-Verlag, Berlin, p. 517 (1994).

  110. J. C. King, J. Z. Zhang, B. J. Schwartz and C. B. Harris, "Vibrational Relaxation of M(CO)6 (M = Cr, Mo, W): Effect of Metal Mass on Vibrational Cooling Dynamics and Non-Boltzmann Internal Energy Distributions," J. Chem. Phys. 99(10), p. 7595 (1993).

  111. E. S. Peterson, B. J. Schwartz and C. B. Harris, "The Dynamics of Exciton Tunneling and Trapping in Condensed Xenon on Ultrafast Time Scales," J. Chem. Phys. 99(3), p. 1693 (1993).

  112. B. J. Schwartz, J. C. King, J. Z. Zhang and C. B. Harris, "Direct Femtosecond Measurements of Single Collision Dominated Geminate Recombination Times of Small Molecules in Liquids," Chem. Phys. Lett. 203(5-6), p. 503 (1993).

  113. B. J. Schwartz, L. A. Peteanu and C. B. Harris, "Solvent Effects on the Fast Proton Transfer of 3-Hydroxyflavone," in Ultrafast Phenomena VIII, Springer Series in Chemical Physics 55, J.-L. Martin, A. Migus, G. A. Mourou and A. H. Zewail (eds.), Springer-Verlag, Berlin, p. 525 (1993).

  114. C. B. Harris, J. C. King, K. E. Schultz, B. J. Schwartz and J. Z. Zhang, "Energy Redistribution in Large Molecules in Solution on Ultrafast Time Scales," in Ultrafast Phenomena VIII, Springer Series in Chemical Physics 55, J.-L. Martin, A. Migus, G. A. Mourou and A. H. Zewail (eds.), Springer-Verlag, Berlin, p. 650 (1993).

  115. J. Z. Zhang, B. J. Schwartz, J. C. King and C. B. Harris, "Ultrafast Studies of Photochromic Spiropyrans in Solutions," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 114(27), p. 10921 (1992).

  116. B. J. Schwartz, L. A. Peteanu and C. B. Harris, "Direct Observation of Fast Proton Transfer: Femtosecond Photophysics of 3-Hydroxyflavone," J. Phys. Chem. 96(9), p. 3591 (1992).

  117. R. Halsall, M. L. McMillan and B. J. Schwartz, "An Improved Method for Determining the Hydrocarbon Fraction of Diesel Particulates by Vacuum-Oven Sublimation," SAE Transactions, SAE Technical Paper 872136 (1987).

  118. F. D. Bechetti, K. C. Harvey, B. J. Schwartz and M. L. Shapiro, "Time of Flight Measurement of the Speed of Light Using a Laser and a Low-Voltage Pöckels-Cell Modulator," Am. J. Phys. 55(7), p. 632 (1987).

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